Divers

Dupicate a debian install with dpkg options

# on originate system : debconf-get-selections --installer > server.selections debconf-get-selections >> server.selections dpkg -l | awk '{print $1}' > server.dpkg

# on target system debconf-set-selections server.selections apt-get install -y $(grep -vE "^\$*#" server.dpkg | tr "\n" " ")

Delete files from their inode value (filename with special chars)

ls -il . rm -i xxxxx

add this line at end of file /etc/inputrc

set show-all-if-ambiguous on

Intelligent tab completion

uncomment line . /etc/bash_completion in file /etc/profile (or in your .bashrc)

shell (bash/sh/tcsh/etc...) usefull and common options

    • -v --> verbose (show commands before executing them)

    • -e --> stop on error

3 ways to activate these options :

#!/bin/bash -v -e someScript #!/bin/bash -v -e #!/bin/bash set -v set -e

Locales

To check which locale you currently have as your default just run: localeChanging the default locale is a little different on Ubuntu compared to most Linux distros, these are the steps we needed to go through to get it changed:Add the locale to the list of 'supported locales' Edit /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local and add the following line: fr_FR ISO-8859-1Regenerate the supported locales

    • Run sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

Change the default locale Edit /etc/environment and ensure the LANG and LANGUAGE lines read as follows: LANG="fr_FR" LANGUAGE="fr_FR:fr"Reboot!

Keyboard / terminal

Hot add SCSI disk

# echo "- - - " > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan

Hot add swap

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/file.swap bs=128M count=1 # sync # mkswap -c /var/file.swap # chmod -v 600 /var/file.swap # swapon /var/file.swap

Files

List by size

du /var -akhx | sort -nr |less

ACL exemple

list opened files

lsof

Find incorrect CVS archives and delete them

Find and replace

find . -type f -exec perl -pi.bak -e "s%^# (store-passwords = no)#$1%g" {} \;

Incorrect CVS (RCS) archives are 79/80 bytes long, head is undefined.

find /data/cvs -type f -name '*,v' -size -81c -exec egrep -l 'head ;' {} \; | xargs -i rm {}

Find files modified in last 10 minutes :

find . -type f -cmin -10

Find files containing some text

find . -type f | xargs -i grep -l some_text {}

Crypt

Create crypted tgz

create a key file (text file containing your secret key),

tar -cvzf - someDir 2>/var/log/someLogFile | ccrypt -e -k myKeyFile myCrypted.tgz.cpt

to decrypt, run

crypt -d -k myKeyFile myCrypted.tgz.cpt

Back-up / Retsore MBR

Backup

sfdisk -d /dev/hda > mbr-hda.sfdisk

Restore

sfdisk /dev/hda < backup-hda.sfdisk

can also use dd but sfdisk make it more readable and preserve MBR boot loader codesee DiskDisasterRecoveryTools?

Copy files via TAR + pipe + ssh

tar -czf - somePath | ssh user@host "cat > toto.tgz" ssh root@machineName tar -cpzf - -C /some/path someDir | tar -xzf - -C /some/other/path or tar -czf - /some/file | ssh host.name tar -xzf - -C /destination

Backup / Restore disk

Backup / Restore disk partition using dd

backup hda before doing backup, you can zero unused blocks to make gzip file smaller :

dd if=/dev/zero of=delme bs=8M; rm delme dd if=/dev/hda1 conv=sync,noerror bs=512 | gzip -c > /somwhere/hda1.img.gz

restore hda

gzip -x /somwhere/hda1.img.gz | dd of=/dev/hda1 conv=sync,noerror bs=512

Backup / Restore disk partition using dd via ssh

Backup

dd if=/dev/hda1 conv=sync,noerror bs=512 | rsh user@dest "gzip -9 >20290117-backup-hda1.img.gz"

Restore

ssh user@dest "gzip -x 20290117-backup-hda1.img.gz" | dd of=/dev/hda1 conv=sync,noerror bs=512

syncrhonise dirs using rsync

for dir in /data/cvs/*; do rsync -nauv --delete somHost:$dir/ $dir/ done

copy dir structure using rsync

rsync -av -f"+ */" -f"- *"

backup disk using rsync

# rsync --progress --stats -avxzl --exclude "/mnt/usbharddrivemain/" --exclude "/mnt/usbharddriveboot/" --exclude "/usr/portage/" --exclude "/proc/" --exclude "/root/.ccache/" --exclude "/var/log/" --exclude "/sys" --exclude "/dev" --exclude "tmp/" /* /mnt/usbharddrivemain # rsync --progress --stats --delete -avxzl --exclude "/mnt/usbharddrivemain/" --exclude "/mnt/usbharddriveboot/" --exclude "/usr/portage/" --exclude "/proc/" --exclude "/root/.ccache/" --exclude "/var/log/" --exclude "/sys" --exclude "/dev" --exclude "tmp/" /* /mnt/usbharddrivemain

syncrhonise dirs using rsync over ssh

rsync -avz -e ssh remoteuser@remotehost:/remote/dir /this/dir/

database

mysql / PMB

    • suppression base de données (pmbtest) :

      • mysqladmin drop pmbtest

    • creation de la base de données pmbtest :

mysql> create database pmbtest character set utf8; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON pmbtest.* TO 'pmb'@localhost identified by 'pmb-password'; mysql> flush privileges; mysql> quit

    • init tables :

cd /data/pmb/tables mysql library <empty_example_set.sql

GRUB :splash

# generation du splash a partir d'une image 16 couleurs pngtobogl parkeon-splash.png > parkeon-splash.c gcc -Os -g -I/usr/include/bogl -fPIC -c parkeon-splash.c -o parkeon-splash.o gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,parkeon-splash.so parkeon-splash.o -o parkeon-splash.so #extraction de initrd qui est sur le cdrom mkdir afac && cd afac cat ../ubuntu-livecd/casper/initrd.gz | gzip -d | cpio -i # modifier initrd ... puis le reconstruire : cp /someWhere/parkeon-splash.so usr/lib/usplash/usplash-artwork.so #on recree initrd.gz find | cpio -H newc -o | gzip >../ubuntu-livecd/casper/initrd.gz

Command line resize

    1. umount partition : umount /dev/sdc1

    2. delete / recreate partition : fdisk

    3. force reread partition table : partprobe

    4. check fs (mandatory) : e2fsck -f /dev/sdc1

    5. resize fs to max free : resize2fs /dev/sdc1

    6. re-mount : mount /dev/sdc1

Umount

  • umount -l /dev/sdb1

    • losf /dev/sdb1

    • fuse -m /dev/sdb1

Remove Esc chars

perl -ne 's/\x1b[[()=][;?0-9]*[0-9A-Za-z]?//g;s/\r//g;s/\007//g;print'